英語の勉強法ー必要不可欠な情報 vs 追加の情報 | 福岡市・天神駅すぐのKENSINGTON英会話（ケンジントン英会話）

How to study English－necessary info vs extra info

We are on the subject of clauses this week and there is something that a lot of my students seem to struggle with and that is the difference between necessary information in a sentence and extra.

Here is how it works.

Firstly for extra information we usually use who/ which to add something to a sentence. Take a look at these.

Edinburgh City has a population of 500,000.

This is a full sentence.

Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland, has a population of 500,000 people.

This has the additional information of it being the capital of Scotland in there, that part cannot stand alone as a sentence and is connected using which.

Same here using who.

My brother lives in Edinburgh.
My brother, who is a scientist, lives in Edinburgh.

Next, let’s talk about necessary information we can use which/ who/ that for these kinds of sentences but note that that can never be used in a sentence to give extra information.

Edinburgh, that is the capital of Scotland, has a population of 500,000. X

All the bars were really expensive. ( full sentence)
All of the bars that I went to in Edinburgh were really expensive.

All of the people were really friendly. ( Full sentence)
All of the people who/ that I met in Edinburgh were really friendly. O

In the above sentences the information “ the bars I went to in Edinburgh” and “ the people I met” are necessary information, without them we aren’t sure what specific time/ place/ people you are actually talking about.

Hope that comes in handy.

Jaimie

英語の勉強法ー必要不可欠な情報 vs 追加の情報

今週は文節のレッスンがあります。多くの生徒さんたちが苦戦しているように見えますが、これは、センテンスの中で必要不可欠な情報か、追加の情報かとの違いです。

どういうことか見せましょう。

まず初めに、情報を付け加えたいとき、普段私たちはwho/ whichを一文に足します。

これらを見てください。

Edinburgh City has a population of 500,000.
エディンバラは、人口50万人の都市です。

これは完全にひとつの文節です。

Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland, has a population of 500,000 people.
スコットランドの首都であるエディンバラは、人口が50万人の都市です。

追加の情報として「エディンバラはスコットランドの首都である」とあります。このパートは文節として独立して使えないもので、whichとつなげることで使えます。

whoを使うこの文も同じです。